Exploring the Invisible: The Vital Role of 'Doing Nothing' in the Digital Age for Older Adults' Agency

Abstract

Purpose Can we ever ΓÇÿdo nothingΓÇÖ when we are ΓÇÿalways onΓÇÖ in our accelerated digitalized world? In our ever-evolving digitalized landscape, the positive impact of technology on everyday life is undeniable. Increased technology use, however, also presents a potential risk of disrupting crucial phases of doing nothing (DN) (Vorderer 2015). Drawing from an interdisciplinary integrative literature review, this contribution presents a framework (Fig.1) that illuminates the ambiguous nature of DN. It suggests that phases of DN are accompanied by vital mental processes, partly described in theories as the ΓÇ£internal conversationΓÇ¥ (Archer 2003) or ΓÇ£internally-focused thoughtsΓÇ¥ (Immordino-Yang et al. 2012), that allow individuals to reflect on their goals and desires within the existing structures, thus playing a key role in their agency ΓÇô the ability to actively make decisions and shape their lives. This contribution will discuss the interplay between DN and mental processes especially against the backdrop of technology use. The frequent notifications coming along with social media contribute to dependencies, especially in younger generations who are said to be more susceptible to those detrimental effects than older generations. (Sharifian et al. 2021, Fitz et al. 2019) This contribution will explore the individual strategies older adults employ to manage and mitigate the impact of technology use and what (especially the younger part of) society might learn from those strategies, ultimately discussing the importance of DN in an accelerated digitalized world. Method Testing and applying the framework in the field, the contribution discusses empirical findings from the SMART-AGE project which explores the impact of different digital assistive systems on the lives of older adults aged 67 and older (n=750). It draws on a sub-sample (n=20) and utilizes a mixed-methods design, combining qualitative and quantitative ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data with additional insights from semi-structured interviews concerning the topics DN, internally focused thoughts and technology use. Results and Discussion Findings indicate that DN is indeed associated with various mental processes, ranging from daydreaming to reflexive deliberations susceptible to external stimuli, such as smartphone notifications. However, they also show certain resilience of the research participants against the addictive nature of technology use, especially social media. Acknowledging this, we critically re-evaluate the common understandig of learning processes associated with technology use as a one-way street, where the ΓÇ£oldΓÇ¥ should learn from the ΓÇ£youngΓÇ¥, and instead suggest a more balanced perspective on this relationship. Drawing upon the wisdom of older adults, we discuss strategies for striking a balance between digital engagement, real-world experiences and DN, emphasizing technology as a tool rather than a crutch. By leveraging these insights, individuals, particularly of younger generations, can learn to optimize technology use for personal growth, meaningful connections, and overall well-being.

References

Archer, M. S. (2003). Structure, agency, and the internal conversation. Cambridge University Press.

Fitz, N., Kushlev, K., Jagannathan, R., Lewis, T., Paliwal, D., & Ariely, D. (2019). Batching smartphone notifications can improve well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 84ΓÇô94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.016

Immordino-Yang, M. H., Christodoulou, J. A., & Singh, V. (2012). Rest Is Not Idleness: Implications of the BrainΓÇÖs Default Mode for Human Development and Education. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(4), 352ΓÇô364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612447308

Sharifian, N., Kraal, A. Z., Zaheed, A. B., Sol, K., Morris, E. P., & Zahodne, L. B. (2021). Measurement Invariance of Social Media Use in Younger and Older Adults and Links to Socioemotional Health. Innovation in Aging, 5(2), igab009. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab009

Vorderer, P. (2015). Der mediatisierte Lebenswandel: Permanently online, permanently connected. Publizistik, 60(3), 259ΓÇô276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11616-015-0239-3

Keywords: doing nothing, internal conversation, technology use, agency, older adults

Affiliation: Interdisciplinary Ageing Research (IAW), Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Corresponding Author Email: j.ewert@em.uni-frankfurt.de AuthorsΓÇÖ

ORCID iDs: 0009-0005-1482-9068

Acknowledgement The project SMART-AGE (P2019-01-003; 2021-2026) is funded by the Carl Zeiss Foundation.