The experiences of Finnish people over 75 years old with digital health and social services

Abstract

The experiences of Finnish people over 75 years old with digital health and social services

S. Hiltunen, S. Lakoma, P. Torkki, E. Laukka, M. Jansson, H. Härkönen, A. Verho, P. Pennanen, R.-L. Leskelä

Purpose Like the rest of Finnish society, social and health care is becoming more and more digitalized. The digital

use of social and health care services has increased strongly during the last 10 years. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digitalization, and development work of the digitalization was carried out on a fast schedule. At the same time, Finland's population is aging rapidly, and social and health services need to be made more efficient. Digital services must be customer-oriented and different target groups need to find digital services useful to take root into society's services. So far, there is not much information about the experiences of using digital health and social services among different target groups. In 2023, The Finnish Publications of the Government’s analysis, assessment, and research activities -department published a study Impact of digital services in health and social care¹. As a part of this study, the University of Helsinki and The Union for Senior Services, VALLI, conducted a survey for people over 75 years old.

Method This survey is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Questionnaire was considered the most suitable method for exploring the usage and user experiences of digital social and healthcare services among citizens aged over 75. The questionnaire was developed based on relevant literature and other surveys addressing the same topic. Questionnaire was developed by the research team with the help of an expert from the Union of Senior Services VALLI. In the questionnaire, questions were addressing social and healthcare services, as well as the electronic utilization of these services. The questionnaire also drew upon a previous survey on the digital inclusion of the elderly conducted by VALLI in 2022. This foundation was supplemented with the aforementioned questions from the National FinSote survey. The older people played an integral role in the testing and development phases of the digital inclusion survey. The questionnaire consisted of four sections. The first section gathered participant demographic information, including age, gender, place of residence, and any potential constraints (e.g., sensory limitations, mobility restrictions, or financial limitations) related to the use of digital social and healthcare services. The second section of the questionnaire collected information regarding the use of smart devices and the internet. The initial question inquired whether the participant used digital social and healthcare services at all, with response options of yes or no. There was an option to answer either by electric form or by paper. Altogether, 1102 persons over 75 years answered the questionnaire, from 140 different municipalities in Finland.

Results and Discussion The survey revealed that people over 75 experience that the availability and access to social and healthcare service is challenging. They would be willing to adopt digital social and health care services with potential benefits for access to care in individuals with physical disabilities and long travelling distances. This requires addressing the barriers for usage. According to the survey, those barriers needed to develop are e.g.more accessible digital services (including cognitive accessibility), the education of social and health care professionals to use the digital connections with their customers, more information about what kind of services and possibilities there are in the digital social and health care services, more individualized digital support to the older people and more dialog between the end-users and the developers of the digital services. The survey revealed that older individuals appreciate being heard and taken into consideration. Their under-represented experiences are especially important in the development of inclusive digital health and social services.    

The Union for Senior Services, VALLI is a a national non-profit umbrella organization for the care of elderly. VALLI is founded in 1953. The organization has approximately 60 member associations around Finland, which serve about 20 000 older people with 2000 professionals.

References

¹ P.Pennanen, M. Jansson, P.Torkki, M.Harjumaa, I. Pajari, E.Laukka, S.Lakoma, H. Härkönen, A. Verho, S. Martikainen, A. Kouvonen, R.-L. Leskelä (2023). Impact of digital services in health and social care. Finland: Publications of the Government’s analysis, assessment and research activities 2023:52. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-059-2

S. Hiltunen, P. Torkki, S. Lakoma (2023). The experiences of people over 75 years old with digital social and health services. Finland: University of Helsinki & The Union for Senior Services, VALLI. https://www.valli.fi/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Yli-75-vuotiaiden-kokemukset-digitaalisista-sosiaali-ja-terveyspalveluista.pdf

Laukka E., Lakoma S., Torkki P., Härkönen H., Jansson M., Leskelä R.-L., Pennanen P., Verho, A (submitted 2024) Listening to older people: Assessing preferences in the utilization of digital health and social services.

Keywords: digital inclusion, digital health care and social services, older people

Affiliation: The Union for Senior Services, VALLI & University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health & Nordic Healthcare Group Finland & University of Oulu, Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST) &  RMIT University Australia

Corresponding Author Email: suvi.hiltunen@valli.fi

Acknowledgement This research was supported by The Finnish Government’s analysis, assessment and research activities.